Governor Blagojevich announces record low in Illinois for new tuberculosis cases
State follows national trend, but health officials urge vigilance as drug resistant cases increase nationwide
CHICAGO, Ill. – In recognition of World Tuberculosis Day, Gov. Rod R. Blagojevich announced today a record low for the number of new tuberculosis cases in Illinois. Governor Blagojevich is joining in the World Tuberculosis Day global campaign, “I Am Stopping TB” and issued a proclamation declaring March 24, 2008 as World TB Day in Illinois to raise awareness that the fight against tuberculosis is not over.
“Tuberculosis is not a disease many of us think about anymore thanks to the wonderful advances in medicine and the hard work of public health staff. But TB is still impacting hundreds of people annually in Illinois and millions of people world wide. I urge all citizens to increase their awareness and understanding of tuberculosis and to join the global effort to stop the spread of this disease,” said Governor Blagojevich.
Tuberculosis is a contagious and potentially life-threatening disease that is transmitted from person to person by tiny airborne particles of bacteria. While it can affect any part of the body, such as the brain, kidneys or spine, tuberculosis usually affects the lungs. General symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fever and night sweats. When tuberculosis attacks the lungs, symptoms can include a persistent cough that sometimes produces blood and chest pains.
521 cases of active tuberculosis were reported in Illinois in 2007, a decrease from 569 cases reported in 2006. However, reports show Illinois still ranks fifth for the highest number of tuberculosis cases in the nation.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is at its highest rate ever according to the “Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World” report released at the end of February 2008 – and Illinois is following the national trend. The number of drug-resistant TB cases in Illinois increased by 25 percent (28 cases to 35) from 2006 to 2007.
“Tuberculosis cases resistant to drugs are something we need to take very seriously. Last June a Georgia man infected with extremely drug-resistant TB flew to various countries, risking the health of those passengers traveling with him on those flights,” said Dr. Damon T. Arnold, Illinois Department of Public Health Director. “We all need to be aware of the risks of tuberculosis, especially since drug-resistant case of TB have been increasing, and take precautions against being infected or infecting others with this disease.”
Illinois is again following the national trend in that the majority of TB cases are among individuals who were born in foreign countries where TB is common, such as Mexico, India and the Philippines. In 2007, 59 percent of tuberculosis cases in Illinois were foreign-born, up from 54 percent the previous year.
Tuberculosis is usually curable, but a person with the disease must faithfully adhere to prescribed drug therapy for six months or longer. Many patients comply with the strict drug regimen at first, but some stop taking their anti-TB medication after they start to feel better. Failure to follow the therapy for the full length of time prescribed may allow the tuberculosis to return. In some cases, the re-established infection cannot be treated with the usual antibiotics.
The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) focuses on finding tuberculosis cases and making sure they are treated promptly and completely. IDPH also looks for those who have had close contact and been exposed to someone with tuberculosis for treatment if they are infected, although not necessarily sick. These goals are achieved through four programs.
- Data – surveillance and collection of data to watch for trends and see which areas need more resources.
- Nurses – IDPH has nurses which act as consultants for local tuberculosis programs across the state and help secure resources for treatment.
- Funding – IDPH awards approximately $100,000 a year in federal funds to counties with high incidence of tuberculosis to assist with treatment such as paying nurses to deliver medication to patients to make sure the full course is taken.
- Training and education – TB 101 for nurses in counties with low incidence, nurse case manager course, and physician update course.
The Governor's proclamation reads as follows:
WHEREAS, 521 cases of active tuberculosis disease were reported in Illinois in 2007, and an estimated 650,000 Illinoisans are infected with the bacterium that causes tuberculosis; and
WHEREAS, Illinois reports the fifth highest number of tuberculosis cases of any state in the nation; and
WHEREAS, there is a disproportionate burden of TB in minorities and persons born outside the United States ; and
WHEREAS, each year thousands of household members, health care employees and others who share the air of infectious tuberculosis patients are at risk of becoming infected with the tuberculosis bacterium and progressing to active disease; and
WHEREAS, in 2007 there was an 8.4 percent decrease in the number of patients in Illinois with active tuberculosis, but a 25 percent increase in the number of drug-resistant cases of tuberculosis; and
WHEREAS, the Illinois Department of Public Health is working to promote prompt diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis cases, implementation of strategies to prevent tuberculosis in children, improved working relationships between public health providers and private providers, hospitals, long-term care facilities, correctional facilities, managed care organizations and others, and decreased tuberculosis transmission in health care facilities and community settings; and
WHEREAS, maintaining control of TB in Illinois requires strengthening current TB control and prevention systems, and progress toward the elimination of TB cannot occur without mobilizing support and engaging in global TB prevention and control; and
WHEREAS, this year's World Tuberculosis Day global theme of “I Am Stopping TB” and national theme of “Partnerships for TB Elimination” recognize that tuberculosis prevention and control is possible, that every individual can have a role in stopping TB, and that Illinois is committed to working toward the elimination of tuberculosis;
Therefore, I, Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor of the State of Illinois, proclaim March 24, 2008, as WORLD TB DAY in Illinois and urge all citizens to increase their awareness and understanding of tuberculosis infection and disease and to join the global effort to stop the spread of this disease.
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TB FACTS___________________________
What is tuberculosis? | Tuberculosis Cases by Illinois County |
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| Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and potentially life-threatening disease transmitted through the air. While it can affect any part of the body (such as the brain, the kidneys or the spine), TB usually affects the lungs. When first infected with the TB germ, people usually do not feel sick or have any symptoms. However, they may develop active TB disease in the future. Although both preventable and curable, tuberculosis once was the leading cause of death in the United States. Today in Illinois, less than 30 deaths a year are attributed to tuberculosis and the number of cases in the state has fallen more than 40 percent in the past 10 years, reaching an all-time low of 633 in 2003. What is the difference between TB infection and TB disease? People with TB infection have the TB germ in their bodies but are not sick because the germs are inactive and, therefore, cannot be spread to others. Because these people may develop the disease in the future, they often are given preventive treatment. People with TB disease are sick from the germs that are active in their bodies. They exhibit symptoms of the disease and, if they have TB of the lungs or throat, can spread the disease to others. Physicians can prescribe drugs to cure TB. Are some people at greater risk of getting TB? Although anyone may get TB, the following people are at higher risk: - Persons who have been in close contact with an active TB case
- Persons who are infected with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Foreign-born persons from countries where TB is common
- Persons with other medical conditions, such as diabetes, silicosis, end-stage renal disease and some forms of cancer, that increase the risk of TB once infection has occurred
- Persons 65 years of age or older
- Residents of long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes or prisons
- Persons who abuse alcohol or use intravenous drugs
- Persons in occupations that serve groups at high risk for TB
- Minority and other medically underserved populations
How serious is the problem among minorities? TB disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority groups. This is particularly true among children. In the U.S., more than 80 percent of childhood cases of TB occur in minority groups. Overall, from 1985 through 1993, TB cases increased among non-Hispanic blacks by 18 percent, among Asians and Pacific Islanders by 48 percent and among Hispanics by 67 percent. In contrast, cases among non-Hispanic whites decreased by 18 percent. What are the symptoms of TB disease? The general symptoms of TB disease include feeling sick or weak, weight loss, fever and night sweats. TB of the lungs causes the general symptoms plus coughing, sometimes producing blood, and chest pain. Other symptoms depend on the part of the body that is affected. How is TB spread? TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with TB disease of the lungs or throat cough or sneeze, they can put TB germs into the air. Then other people who breathe in the air containing these germs can become infected. People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people with whom they spend time with every day, such as family members or coworkers. (Remember, though, a person must have active TB disease to spread it; persons who are infected but do not have the disease cannot spread TB to others.) If a person thinks he or she has been in close contact with someone with TB disease, it is important to go to a clinic or health department for a TB skin test. How is a person tested for TB? The tuberculin skin test is used to find out whether a person is infected with the TB germ. It does not tell whether the person has TB disease. For the skin test, a small amount of fluid--called tuberculin--is injected under the skin in the lower part of the arm. Two or three days later, a health care worker checks the site of the injection to see if there has been a reaction. What does a positive reaction mean? A positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test usually means that the person has been infected with the TB germ. It does not necessarily mean that the person has TB disease. Other tests, such as a chest X-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB disease. How is TB disease treated? TB disease can be cured by taking several drugs for six to nine months. It is very important that people who have TB disease take the drugs exactly as prescribed. If a person stops taking the drugs too soon or if the drugs are not taken correctly, the germs that are still alive may become resistant to the drugs. This makes the disease much harder to treat. Generally, after the first several weeks of drug therapy, most TB patients become non-infectious. How is TB infection treated? The drug used to prevent TB infection from developing into TB disease is isoniazid. It must be taken for six to 12 months. The drug may cause liver problems in certain people, especially older individuals and people with liver disease. Therefore, people who are taking isoniazid should be monitored carefully for signs of adverse reactions |